Java 读取Oracle中的表的列信息

摘要

本文讲述如何通过Java读取Oracle数据库中的表的每个列的信息。

本文将通过Java读取Oracle数据库中的表的列信息，包含字段名称，字段类型，是否为主键，是否允许为空，列的注释。

首先创建一个实体类来作为列信息的载体：

package com.example.demo.entity;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @project:
 * @description: 数据库表的列信息。
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @errorcode
 *            错误码: 错误描述
 * @author
 *         <li>2020-12-14 825338623@qq.com Create 1.0
 * @copyright ©2019-2020 https://www.blog-cn.com，版权所有。
 */
@Data
public class DbTableInfo {
    
    /*** 列名 */
    private String colomCode;
    
    /** 类型 */
    private String colomType;
    
    /*** 注释 */
    private String colomComment;
    
    /*** 是否主键 */
    private boolean isPrimary;
    
    /*** 不允许为空 */
    private boolean notAllowNull;
    
}

主方法如下：

package com.example.demo.readTable;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * @project:
 * @description: 中文类名。
 *               类功能简介。
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @errorcode
 *            错误码: 错误描述
 * @author
 *         <li>2020-12-14 825338623@qq.com Create 1.0
 * @copyright ©2019-2020 北银金科，版权所有。
 */
public class DatabaseUtil4MySql {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DatabaseUtil4MySql.class);

    private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/javaweb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8";
    private static final String USERNAME = "root";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "mysql";

    private static final String SQL = "SELECT * FROM ";// 数据库操作

    static {
        try {
            Class.forName(DRIVER);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            LOGGER.error("can not load jdbc driver", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取数据库连接
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            LOGGER.error("get connection failure", e);
        }
        return conn;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭数据库连接
     * @param conn
     */
    public static void closeConnection(Connection conn) {
        if(conn != null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                LOGGER.error("close connection failure", e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取数据库下的所有表名
     */
    public static List<String> getTableNames() {
        List<String> tableNames = new ArrayList<>();
        Connection conn = getConnection();
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取数据库的元数据
            DatabaseMetaData db = conn.getMetaData();
            //从元数据中获取到所有的表名
            rs = db.getTables(null, null, null, new String[] { "TABLE" });
            while(rs.next()) {
                tableNames.add(rs.getString(3));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            LOGGER.error("getTableNames failure", e);
        } finally {
            try {
                rs.close();
                closeConnection(conn);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                LOGGER.error("close ResultSet failure", e);
            }
        }
        return tableNames;
    }

    /**
     * 获取表中所有字段名称
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @return
     */
    public static List<String> getColumnNames(String tableName) {
        List<String> columnNames = new ArrayList<>();
        //与数据库的连接
        Connection conn = getConnection();
        PreparedStatement pStemt = null;
        String tableSql = SQL + tableName;
        try {
            pStemt = conn.prepareStatement(tableSql);
            //结果集元数据
            ResultSetMetaData rsmd = pStemt.getMetaData();
            //表列数
            int size = rsmd.getColumnCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                columnNames.add(rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            LOGGER.error("getColumnNames failure", e);
        } finally {
            if (pStemt != null) {
                try {
                    pStemt.close();
                    closeConnection(conn);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    LOGGER.error("getColumnNames close pstem and connection failure", e);
                }
            }
        }
        return columnNames;
    }

    /**
     * 获取表中所有字段类型
     * @param tableName
     * @return
     */
    public static List<String> getColumnTypes(String tableName) {
        List<String> columnTypes = new ArrayList<>();
        //与数据库的连接
        Connection conn = getConnection();
        PreparedStatement pStemt = null;
        String tableSql = SQL + tableName;
        try {
            pStemt = conn.prepareStatement(tableSql);
            //结果集元数据
            ResultSetMetaData rsmd = pStemt.getMetaData();
            //表列数
            int size = rsmd.getColumnCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                columnTypes.add(rsmd.getColumnTypeName(i + 1));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            LOGGER.error("getColumnTypes failure", e);
        } finally {
            if (pStemt != null) {
                try {
                    pStemt.close();
                    closeConnection(conn);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    LOGGER.error("getColumnTypes close pstem and connection failure", e);
                }
            }
        }
        return columnTypes;
    }

    /**
     * 获取表中字段的所有注释
     * @param tableName
     * @return
     */
    public static List<String> getColumnComments(String tableName) {
        List<String> columnTypes = new ArrayList<>();
        //与数据库的连接
        Connection conn = getConnection();
        PreparedStatement pStemt = null;
        String tableSql = SQL + tableName;
        List<String> columnComments = new ArrayList<>();//列名注释集合
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            pStemt = conn.prepareStatement(tableSql);
            rs = pStemt.executeQuery("show full columns from " + tableName);
            while (rs.next()) {
                columnComments.add(rs.getString("Comment"));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (rs != null) {
                try {
                    rs.close();
                    closeConnection(conn);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    LOGGER.error("getColumnComments close ResultSet and connection failure", e);
                }
            }
        }
        return columnComments;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> tableNames = getTableNames();
        System.out.println("tableNames:" + tableNames);
        for (String tableName : tableNames) {
            System.out.println("ColumnNames:" + getColumnNames(tableName));
            System.out.println("ColumnTypes:" + getColumnTypes(tableName));
            System.out.println("ColumnComments:" + getColumnComments(tableName));
        }
    }
}

测试打印结果如下：

{"colomCode":"CI_ID","colomComment":"主键","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":true,"primary":true}
{"colomCode":"CI_COMPANY_NAME","colomComment":"企业名称","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_CREDIT_CODE","colomComment":"统一社会信用代码","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_ORG_CODE","colomComment":"组织机构代码","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_COMPANY_TYPE","colomComment":"企业(机构)类型","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_COMPANY_TYPE_NAME","colomComment":"企业类型名称","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_INDUSTRY_CODE","colomComment":"行业代码","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_INDUSTRY_TYPE","colomComment":"行业门类","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_INDUSTRY_NAME","colomComment":"行业名称","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_MANAGE_FROM","colomComment":"经营(驻在)期限自","colomType":"DATE","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_MANAGE_TO","colomComment":"经营(驻在)期限至","colomType":"DATE","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}
{"colomCode":"CI_POSTAL_CODE","colomComment":"邮政编码","colomType":"VARCHAR2","notAllowNull":false,"primary":false}

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